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In the complex world of immune responses, T-helper (Th) cells play a crucial role, particularly in inflammatory conditions like dermatitis. (Kim & Ahn, 2022; Ma, 2023; Wang & Xu Landén, 2015) For those suffering from dermatitis, understanding the role of T-helper cells—and the factors that influence their activity—can offer valuable insights into managing and potentially alleviating symptoms. This article will explore:
What Are T-Helper Cells?T-helper (Th) cells are a type of white blood cell that help coordinate the immune response. These cells don’t directly attack pathogens but instead "help" by releasing signalling molecules called cytokines, which activate other immune cells. Th cells play a central role in orchestrating both immune defences and inflammation, making them crucial to the body’s ability to respond to infections, injuries, and foreign particles. T-Helper Cells and Their Role in DermatitisFor those with dermatitis, Th cells tend to become overactive in response to harmless triggers. This overactivity can lead to chronic inflammation and an exaggerated immune response, resulting in the redness, itching, and swelling characteristic of dermatitis. Th cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which act as chemical messengers to increase inflammation. This is especially problematic in skin disorders, as chronic inflammation can weaken the skin barrier and worsen symptoms over time. Th Cell Subtypes in Dermatitis In dermatitis, two main types of T-helper (Th) cells—known as Th1 and Th2 cells—tend to be overactive, each contributing in unique ways to the condition.
How Overactive Th Cells Fuel Dermatitis In dermatitis, an overactive Th cell response creates a cycle of inflammation and skin barrier breakdown. Here’s a closer look at how this happens:
Leaky Gut’s Role in Th Cell Imbalance The connection between gut health and immune function is well-established, and one pathway by which leaky gut affects dermatitis is through its impact on T-helper cells. When the intestinal barrier becomes more permeable—a condition often referred to as leaky gut—undigested food particles, toxins, and microbes can enter the bloodstream. The immune system sees these as invaders, prompting an immune response that includes the activation of Th cells. In cases of leaky gut, this Th cell activation may be constant, leading to immune hyperactivity. For people with dermatitis, this immune imbalance can result in more frequent or severe flare-ups. Supporting the gut lining and regulating immune activity can help in reducing the intensity of Th cell overactivity, promoting a more balanced immune response. You can read my recent article on Leaky Gut here. Supporting T-Helper Cells Nutritionally and Through Lifestyle Fortunately, certain dietary and lifestyle practices can help regulate Th cell activity, reduce inflammation, and support immune balance. Here are five practical tips to help manage Th cell overactivity and support gut health to improve skin outcomes. Incorporate Anti-Inflammatory Foods A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can help regulate Th cell activity by reducing systemic inflammation. Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, flaxseeds, and chia seeds, have been shown to dampen inflammation and may counterbalance the pro-inflammatory cytokines released by overactive Th cells. Additionally, fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in antioxidants like berries, leafy greens, and turmeric, help protect cells from oxidative stress, further supporting balanced immune responses. Support Gut Health with Probiotics and Prebiotics Promoting a healthy gut microbiome can help regulate Th cell activity by strengthening the gut barrier and reducing the chance of immune overactivation due to leaky gut. Probiotics, which are found in fermented foods like yoghurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, introduce beneficial bacteria that support gut integrity and immune balance. Prebiotics, found in fibre-rich foods like garlic, onions, and asparagus, serve as food for these beneficial bacteria, helping them thrive and maintain a balanced microbiome. Studies suggest that probiotics can play a role in reducing eczema severity, especially in children, which is a promising avenue for supporting Th cell balance in dermatitis. Include Nutrients That Support Th Cell Regulation Certain vitamins and minerals are essential for immune health and can help modulate Th cell activity. Key nutrients include:
Manage Stress Through Mindfulness and Relaxation TechniquesChronic stress increases the production of cortisol, a hormone that can weaken the gut lining and promote inflammation. When stress is prolonged, it may exacerbate leaky gut and increase Th cell activity, leading to heightened immune responses and more frequent dermatitis flare-ups. Engaging in stress management techniques such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can help reduce cortisol levels, promoting a healthier immune response. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown in studies to decrease inflammatory markers and improve immune regulation, making it a valuable practice for those managing dermatitis. Incorporating these techniques into daily life may help regulate Th cell activity and reduce the severity of skin symptoms. Get Sufficient, Quality Sleep Sleep is critical for immune regulation, and poor sleep can disrupt Th cell activity, leading to immune dysregulation and increased inflammation. During deep sleep, the body undergoes repair processes that support gut and skin health, including the maintenance of Th cell balance. Poor sleep, on the other hand, has been linked to increased inflammation and weakened immune defences. Aim for 7–9 hours of restful sleep per night, establishing a consistent sleep routine and creating a calming bedtime environment. Good sleep hygiene practices, such as reducing screen time before bed and keeping the bedroom cool and dark, can improve sleep quality and support immune health. T-helper cells are central to the immune response in dermatitis, with their overactivity often contributing to inflammation and symptom flare-ups. By supporting Th cell balance through anti-inflammatory nutrition, gut health support, and lifestyle practices, it’s possible to promote a healthier immune response and alleviate skin inflammation. These dietary and lifestyle practices can be helpful components of a broader dermatitis management plan, especially when personalised for individual needs. Consulting with a Registered Nutritional Therapist can offer tailored guidance to help regulate Th cell activity, manage inflammation, and optimise gut and skin health for long-term relief from dermatitis symptoms. REFERNECESKim, J., & Ahn, K. (2022). Atopic dermatitis endotypes: knowledge for personalized medicine. In Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 153–159). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000820
Ma, C. S. (2023). T-helper-2 cells and atopic disease: lessons learnt from inborn errors of immunity. In Current Opinion in Immunology (Vol. 81). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2023.102298 Wang, A. X., & Xu Landén, N. (2015). New insights into T cells and their signature cytokines in atopic dermatitis. In IUBMB Life (Vol. 67, Issue 8, pp. 601–610). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.1405
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The connection between gut health and skin conditions has drawn increased scientific interest, with research spotlighting the “gut-skin axis.” This complex relationship sheds light on why conditions like dermatitis may be worsened by imbalances in the gut, often linked to a condition known as leaky gut, or increased intestinal permeability. Understanding this connection can empower those with dermatitis to explore nutrition and lifestyle strategies that may relieve their symptoms. This article covers:
What is Leaky Gut?Leaky gut refers to a state where the lining of the small intestine becomes more permeable than it should be. In a healthy digestive system, the gut lining serves as a selective barrier, regulating what enters the bloodstream. However, when this barrier is compromised, larger particles—such as undigested food particles, toxins, and bacteria—can pass through, triggering an immune response. This constant immune activation can lead to chronic, low-grade inflammation, which has been associated with a variety of health issues, including autoimmune conditions and inflammatory skin diseases like dermatitis. How Does Leaky Gut Affect Skin Health? Leaky gut can contribute to skin inflammation and worsen dermatitis through several mechanisms: Systemic Inflammation: When particles that shouldn’t be in the bloodstream cross over, it activates the immune system. This chronic, low-grade inflammation can affect various parts of the body, including the skin. For those with dermatitis, this inflammatory response can increase skin irritation and itching. One mechanism by which leaky gut impacts dermatitis is through T-helper cells, a type of immune cell that becomes overactive in response to foreign particles. This overactivity can lead to increased skin inflammation, as Th cells promote the release of inflammatory compounds. Individuals with dermatitis often show a skewed Th cell response, and leaky gut may exacerbate this immune imbalance, leading to more intense or frequent skin flare-ups. Microbial Imbalance: The gut is home to a large population of bacteria that help regulate immune health. A leaky gut often goes hand in hand with a microbial imbalance, known as dysbiosis. Studies show that people with dermatitis, like eczema, often have different gut bacteria compositions than those without skin issues, suggesting a connection between gut imbalance and the severity of skin conditions. The gut microbiome, or the collection of trillions of bacteria living in the gut, plays a critical role in maintaining gut health and integrity. A balanced microbiome can help regulate immune responses and support a healthy gut barrier. However, in individuals with leaky gut, there is often an imbalance in gut bacteria, a condition known as dysbiosis. This imbalance may result from dietary choices, antibiotic use, or stress, and it can lead to increased gut permeability and a higher likelihood of immune dysregulation. Immune System Overactivity: With a more permeable gut, the immune system is exposed to foreign particles more often, leading to heightened immune responses. In atopic dermatitis, a common form of dermatitis, this overactive immune system plays a large role in flare-ups and worsening symptoms. For individuals with dermatitis, leaky gut can influence the skin by shifting the immune system into a more reactive state. This heightened immune response is particularly relevant in dermatitis, which involves an imbalance of immune activity that leads to skin inflammation, dryness, and irritation. When undigested food particles or pathogens pass through the leaky gut wall, they are flagged by the immune system as foreign invaders. The result is a chronic inflammatory reaction that can affect the skin, worsening dermatitis symptoms. Links Between Dysbiosis and Eczema Studies indicate that people with eczema, a common form of dermatitis, often have less diversity in their gut microbiome compared to those without skin issues. This reduced diversity may weaken the gut lining and increase inflammation. Some research even suggests that promoting a healthy gut microbiome through probiotics and prebiotics can help regulate immune responses and reduce the severity of eczema symptoms, particularly in young children. (1–3) The Gut-Liver-Skin Axis Recent studies propose that the liver also plays a role in this connection, as it detoxifies compounds that have entered the bloodstream from the gut. When leaky gut allows more toxins to enter the bloodstream, it can overload the liver, leading to increased inflammation that ultimately affects the skin. This is sometimes referred to as the “gut-liver-skin axis,” and it may further explain how gut health influences skin conditions like dermatitis. The Impact of Nutrient Deficiencies on Gut and Skin Health Nutrient deficiencies can worsen leaky gut by weakening the gut barrier, making the skin more susceptible to inflammation. Here’s a closer look at a few key nutrients that play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut and resilient skin:
5 Nutrition Tips to Support Gut Health and Manage Dermatitis Adding to the above nutrient highlights, here are five practical nutrition tips to further support gut health:
Additional Lifestyle Practices to Consider In addition to diet, managing stress, getting sufficient sleep, and limiting NSAID and antibiotic use can all help maintain gut integrity and reduce inflammation. Chronic stress, for instance, increases cortisol levels, which can weaken the gut barrier over time. Similarly, restorative sleep supports immune health and skin repair, making it an essential component of a gut-skin-friendly lifestyle. The connection between leaky gut and dermatitis reinforces the idea that good gut health is foundational to skin health. By focusing on gut-supportive nutrition, managing stress, and incorporating lifestyle changes, those with dermatitis may find relief from symptoms and improve skin resilience. Working with a Registered Nutritional Therapist can provide personalised guidance for integrating these practices and ensuring nutrient needs are met to support both gut and skin health References 1. Nekrasova AI, Kalashnikova IG, Bobrova MM, Korobeinikova A V., Bakoev SY, Ashniev GA, et al. Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Regard to Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies of Children. Biomedicines. 2024 Mar 1;12(3).
2. Bjerre RD, Holm JB, Palleja A, Sølberg J, Skov L, Johansen JD. Skin dysbiosis in the microbiome in atopic dermatitis is site-specific and involves bacteria, fungus and virus. BMC Microbiol. 2021 Dec 1;21(1). 3. Pachacama López AF, Tapia Portilla MF, Moreno-Piedrahíta Hernández F, Palacios-Álvarez S. Probiotics to Reduce the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2021 Nov 1;112(10):881–90. You’ve probably heard that Vitamin D is important, but did you know that it can be critical if you suffer from eczema/dermatitis?
This is why one of the first questions I ask clients is whether they know their Vitamin D3 status. Do you know yours? If you want to know more about how vitamin D or the lack thereof might be influencing your skin health, read on. Today’s article covers:
What is vitamin D3 and why is it important? Vitamin D3 starts off as cholecalciferol which we, in the main, absorb through our skin through UVB or sunlight exposure. The cholecalciferol then goes through numerous processes in the liver and kidneys to become what is known as a biologically active form, or a form that our body can easily use, calcitriol. Vitamin D3 is, in fact, more of a hormone than a vitamin and it acts as a signaller to tell hundreds of genes what to do. We have Vitamin D Receptors (VDR) throughout our body that are just waiting for the calcitriol to come and bind with them. This binding of the calcitriol and the VDR triggers a cascade of vital bodily processes via genes from bone health and calcium metabolism to inflammation and heart health amongst many others. Vitamin D is most known for its effects on bone health as it helps calcium and phosphorus be absorbed from the gut, essential for the building and formation of strong bones. Low Vitamin D levels are linked to weak bones (Rickets) in children and osteomalacia (bone softening) in adults. (1) Vitamin D is known to have anti-inflammatory properties, which is very useful if you are prone to inflamed skin as most eczema/dermatitis sufferers are. (2) Vitamin D is thought to be important for heart health including hypertension and also brain health, due to the vast number of VDRs that can be found in brain tissue. (3) How gene variations can have an impact on your Vitamin D levels Gene variations you may have can, in some cases, impact on vitamin D availability or how responsive your receptors are to receiving the calcitriol. If a client comes to me and says that their Vitamin D3 levels are always low, then I would suspect a genetic variant at play either on the GC gene which controls supply of Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDPR) important for transporting Vitamin D around the body or variances on the VDR gene itself, meaning that receptors are less keen to receive and bind to the circulating Vitamin D. Another gene variation linked to Atopic Eczema is filaggrin. Vitamin D influences the production and function of skin proteins including filaggrin, so maintaining your Vitamin D levels if you suffer from atopic dermatitis is especially important. Nutrigenomics testing can be helpful to see gene variances in relation to things like Vitamin D, inflammation or susceptibility to lactose or gluten intolerance amongst many others. I use Lifecode Gx as they provide a variety of reports that can help me unravel a great deal about an individual’s genes and how they are impacting their skin health. Vitamin D and its specific role in Atopic Dermatitis/Eczema Vitamin D is also vital for the growth and repair of skin cells. It supports your skin barrier, which means that it is more resistant to attacks, and it has anti-inflammatory properties that are, as I’ve already mentioned, crucial for skin conditions like dermatitis and psoriasis. The interesting thing is that the science is clear. If you have eczema, it is very likely that your Vitamin D test results will show that you are Vitamin D deficient. Atopic Eczema sufferers specifically are more likely to be more Vitamin D deficient than the normal population. Have you tested your levels recently? How can Vitamin D help if you have dermatitis/eczema? Research has shown that maintaining vitamin D levels can lead to a significant reduction in eczema symptoms, especially inflammation and infection. This is especially clear in the winter months when exposure to sunlight is so much lower. Many of my clients report that their skin naturally improves in the summer months. (4) As mentioned above, vitamin D helps keep your skin water and infection ‘tight’ thanks to its action on filaggrin, amongst other skin proteins. If your skin is ‘leaky’ you are more at risk of infection or even allowing a contact allergen to trigger a flare. A healthy skin barrier helps retain moisture as well, and we all know how much moisture a dermatitis sufferer needs to retain ! (5) How you can ensure that you are getting enough, whilst being careful to not have too much. As you may have noticed throughout the article, an optimal (serum) level of Vitamin D3 is vital for health but is also critical for skin health and eczema. Good sources of Vitamin D3 include:
It is important to note that more is not necessarily better. Too much Vitamin D, specifically from supplementation, can be dangerous for your health. If in any doubt check with a health or nutrition practitioner and test to see where your starting levels are. Sign up for my news to get useful, usable information, resources and offers straight to your inbox. References.
Navigating Periorificial Dermatitis. Insights and Management Strategies for Adults and Children3/14/2024 Periorificial dermatitis is a broad term encompassing various skin conditions that affect the face, including perioral dermatitis. (1,2).
Today’s article aims to shed light on periorificial dermatitis, its types, symptoms, and triggers, with dedicated insights for both adults and children. Treatment and care as well as the impact of nutrition on its management will also be explored. What is periorificial dermatitis? Periorificial dermatitis is a common, yet often misunderstood skin condition, presenting as rash around the orifices or openings of the face and on the forehead. The different types are:
What are the common symptoms? This condition can be both physically uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. Common symptoms in adults include:
In children periorificial dermatitis is more challenging to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms with other paediatric skin conditions including atopic, contact eczema or even impetigo. Common triggers Common triggers include, but are not exclusive to:
Treatment and Care Medical diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination with a GP or dermatologist. The primary approach to care involves identifying and eliminating triggering factors, such as specific skincare ingredients, environmental irritants or even foods. For adults, medical treatment often includes topical immunomodulators, antibiotics or mild corticosteroids, however studies have shown that with this form of dermatitis the best course of action is often to leave well alone and not apply any creams at all. Recommendations focus on restoring the skin barrier along with a gentle, hypoallergenic skin care regime, alongside stress management and dietary changes. Paediatric management focuses on gentle cleansing and application of hypoallergenic moisturisers to maintain skin hydration. Avoiding known irritants, allergens and intolerances is key, especially if the child has an atopic terrain. I recently worked with an infant whose perioral dermatitis resolved up to 90% with the elimination of one trigger food. The role of nutrition in managing periorificial dermatitis There is no specific diet that focuses on modulating periorificial dermatitis, but nutrition can play a pivotal role in skin health, providing the correct nutrients to modulate inflammation, support natural immune function and strengthen both the gut and skin microbiomes.
Periorificial dermatitis can be challenging but can also be managed with the right approach encompassing medical solutions with lifestyle and nutrition modifications. Understanding the different types of periorificial dermatitis and recognising the importance of nutrition as the foundation to skin health are key steps towards achieving clearer, healthier skin. If you haven’t yet been diagnosed it’s essential to consult with your GP or dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis. Remember, nutrition is just one piece of the puzzle, even if it is a vital one. Skin/Gut Masterclass – Tuesday 19th March 2024 at 12pm UK time. If you are interested in hearing more about the skin/gut connection I am holding a Masterclass this coming Tuesday, 19th March at 12pm UK time. If you register and are unable to attend, you will receive a recording of the event on Wednesday 20th March. You can register here. References
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a complex condition that has been gaining attention in the medical community for its role in a variety of symptoms and diseases, including skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. (1–3) This article aims to shed light on what MCAS is, how it’s diagnosed, its connection to skin conditions and potential management strategies. What is MCAS? MCAS is a condition where mast cells, a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body’s immune response, behave abnormally, triggering immune related symptoms. Mast cells play a pivotal role in the management of inflammatory responses, acting as the defensive guardians against pathogens. These cells are found in tissues throughout the body, especially where the body is exposed to contact with foreign bodies, such as the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. When mast cells detect a foreign substance or an injury they release a variety of different chemical signals including histamine, cytokines, and growth factors, which are all part of the body’s defence systems. This is normal and what keeps us healthy. Normally, mast cells help protect the body from disease and aid in wound healing but in MCAS these cells are overly sensitive and release too many of these chemicals leading to a range of symptoms that can affect every part of the body, including the skin, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological systems. Long COVID is also thought to involve aspects of MCAS. Symptoms and Diagnosis The range of symptoms involved in MCAS are vast and can vary significantly from one individual to another. Reported symptoms include: flushing, itching, urticaria (hives), stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, low blood pressure, headaches and breathing issues. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. As you can tell these are symptoms that can overlap with many other conditions making diagnosis tricky. Officially there are three sets of criteria needed for MCAS diagnosis:
The MCAS, Dermatitis Connection The skin is one of the organs most commonly affected by MCAS and dermatitis (atopic, contact and urticaria) is the most common skin illness linked to this condition. Dermatitis, characterised by inflammation of the skin, can be exacerbated by the overactive release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells, leading to redness, itching, and swelling, all symptoms so characteristic of this chronic skin condition. The different types of eczema/dermatitis have multifactorial root causes including genetic, environmental and immune system factors. The link between MCAS and dermatitis is found within the immune system, particularly in how mast cells can over secrete the chemicals that can exacerbate an existing flare or trigger a new one. A combination of MCAS with chronic, relapsing dermatitis can cause misery for sufferers. Histamine, one of the most well-known mediators released by mast cells, is involved in immediate allergic reactions and plays a significant role in vasodilation or increased blood flow, and recruitment of other immune cells to the site of injury or infection. If you are interested in learning more about histamine, I have written a series of 5 articles relating to histamine, which can all be found via my website. Understanding the role of mast cells in immune responses and their contribution to conditions like MCAS and dermatitis underscores how intertwined both the immune system and skin health is. What is important to bear in mind is the need for support that may modulate mast cell activity but also alleviate the dermatitis symptoms. Management strategies for MCAS-Related Dermatitis Managing diagnosed MCAS and dermatitis needs a rounded approach that takes into account both the overactive mast cells and the dermatitis symptoms. Here are some tips that may help:
In summary, MCAS is a multifaceted condition that can significantly impact the physical and mental wellbeing of affected individuals. Having a medical diagnosis that then provides an appropriate treatment plan that alleviates symptoms is important, however, understanding the root cause of the hyper-activation be it food, environmental, lifestyle factors or stress is vital for long-term health. References.
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I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com In my 10 years in clinic, specialising in skin health, I’ve seen first-hand the profound impact diet and lifestyle choices have on skin health. One area that is increasingly grabbing attention is the skin microbiome and its role in conditions like dermatitis/eczema.
In this article I’ll explore what the skin microbiome is, its connection to dermatitis and how paying it some attention can be a crucial step in managing this challenging condition. The skin microbiome: Our body’s first line of defence. You’ve probably heard of the gut microbiome, the population of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses that live in our gut, but you may not have heard of the skin microbiome. The skin microbiome has a similar community of microorganisms that live on our skin and this complex ecosystem is vital in the protection of our skin from harmful pathogens, inflammation regulation and overall skin health. The skin microbiome is not only part of the skin barrier that stops unwelcome organisms from entering the blood stream, but it also acts as a crucial go-between from the outermost skin layer and the immune system. It is crucial that a balance of microorganisms be maintained to support the health of any organ that has a microbiome, including skin and gut. When an imbalance occurs in the skin microbiome, skin conditions such as eczema can emerge or worsen. Eczema and Microbiome Balance Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is characterised by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Research has shown that individuals with eczema often have an altered or unbalanced skin microbiome. (1,2). Eczema patients frequently have an increase in the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which plays a role both in inflammation and possible infection. This imbalance can disrupt the skin’s barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens, further worsening eczema symptoms. Nurturing the Skin Microbiome The good news is that we can nurture our skin microbiome, just as we can support our gut bacteria population. Here are some tips to get you started:
1. Barbarot S, Aubert H. Physiopathologie de la dermatite atopique. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2017;144:S14–20. 2. Nakatsuji T, Gallo RL. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy, Asthma Immunol [Internet]. 2019;122(3):263–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.003 Sign up for my news to receive the published articles straight to your inbox. Read more by clicking below to see my previously published articles:
I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com As I look out the window and watch the endless, pouring rain, I think of a dermatitis trigger that loves this type of weather, mould.
There have been quite a few truly tragic stories in the media over the past year, highlighting the devastating impact mould can have on health, particularly in relation to respiratory conditions, but did you even consider whether mould might be triggering your dermatitis flare? In this blog post, I’ll delve into the intricate relationship between mould exposure and dermatitis and explore ways to reduce the risks. A short mould overview. Mould refers to a type of fungus that thrives in damp and humid environments, basically the UK. Common indoor moulds include Aspergillus, Fusarium Stachybotrys chartarum and Clasporium Herbarum. Stachybotrys chartaruium and Clasporium Herbarum are visible as black mould, but some other moulds are practically invisible to the naked eye. Mould tends to develop in areas that are out of sight. Just this week, I had a message from a client who said “you know you were questioning me around mould, and I said that there absolutely wasn’t any in my home? Well, we’ve just changed the floor in our kitchen and guess what we found under the lino”. Moulds, including the infamous black mould, thrive in damp environments such as kitchens, basements, and bathrooms. They can grow on various surfaces, including paper, wood, and fabrics. When mould touches the skin, or when individuals with a mould sensitivity inhale the spores, it can trigger different types of skin rashes characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes small bumps or blisters. Dermatitis, what does it encompass? Dermatitis is a broad term encompassing a whole host of skin conditions from Atopic Eczema to contact dermatitis and even Cutaneous Aspergillosis a skin condition directly linked to the Aspergillus mould. The Mould/Dermatitis Connection Research has shown a compelling connection between mould exposure and development or worsening of dermatitis symptoms. People who live or work in damp environments with high mould concentrations have been observed to be more susceptible to skin issues. It is believed that contact, either directly or via minute mould spores landing on the skin or being breathed in, can trigger inflammation that leads to the symptoms so common in dermatitis or eczema: red patches, itching and often pain. The most common types of dermatitis linked to mould are:
Mycotoxins Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by some mould species and which add another complex layer to the mould/dermatitis connection. These substances can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. When mycotoxins come into direct contact with the skin, they can disrupt the skin barrier function, leading to increased permeability or leaky skin and higher risk of skin irritations. Mycotoxins have been found to trigger rosacea, eczema and even acne. Immune Response As previously touched on, both mould and mycotoxin exposure can trigger an immune response, leading to both inflammation and skin reactions. Whilst dermatitis isn’t considered an autoimmune condition, the constant igniting of the immune response is tiring for the body and can lead, in turn, to increased susceptibility to infections and inflammation. An exhausting vicious cycle. Diagnosis If you suspect that mould is triggering your skin, then you should go and see your GP for a diagnosis. Blood tests, finger-prick or patch testing can determine whether mould is an issue for you. Common medical treatments include over-the-counter antihistamines and cortisone creams. Nutrition practitioners also have access to some functional tests which may be useful. Tips for Prevention If you have recurrent dermatitis and are at a loss as to why it is constantly triggered, then it may be worth exploring whether mould might be a cause:
Sign up for my news to receive the published articles straight to your inbox. Read more by clicking below to see my previously published articles:
I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com Understanding and Managing Infant Dermatitis Infant dermatitis is a common skin condition that affects babies in infancy. Whilst it can be distressing for both parents and babies, it’s vital to remember that most cases can be effectively managed with proper care and management. This article is aimed at parents whose infants have recently been diagnosed with dermatitis and will explore:
The different types of infant dermatitis
Causes There are different possible causes, depending on the type:
Role of Nutrition Nutrition is the foundation of all our cells, including skin cells and it can have an impact on the development and management of infant dermatitis. In the past allergens were strictly avoided in infants, but research has uncovered that this may make food allergies more prevalent. The guidelines, now are:
Nutrients that support healthy skin Some nutrients are essential for skin health generally, so if your infant is weaned and hasn’t demonstrated any allergies or intolerances, then consider including the following nutrients into their regular nutrition can be supportive:
My tips for managing infant dermatitis.
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I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com Sign up for my news to receive the published articles straight to your inbox. Read more by clicking below to see my previously published articles:
I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com Foods, ingredients, or molecule intolerances appear to be on the rise and whilst some such as gluten or histamine are well known, others, such as salicylates, are more misunderstood. This article will delve into this lesser-known phenomenon exploring:
What are salicylates and what is a salicylate intolerance? Salicylates are natural chemicals found in many plants who use them to defend themselves against pests, bacteria, and environmental stressors. Salicylates are anti-inflammatory and as such have also been synthetically reproduced in laboratories for uses in medications, including aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Salicylic acid has excellent anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, leading to its common use as an ingredient in processed foods, condiments, cosmetics, and beauty products. In terms of food, salicylates are found in many plant foods to a higher or lesser extent. Some of the foods that are common triggers are:
Salicylate intolerance is where a person’s system has difficulty metabolising and tolerating salicylates, leading to a range of symptoms. The phenomenon was initially observed in medically diagnosed patients with either aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) or NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) (1,2). In the cases of both AERD and NERD, high doses of chemical salicylates can trigger asthma, rhinosinusitis and urticaria. Clinical case studies have observed that for some, simply eating a diet high in salicylates can contribute to a variety of symptoms, although this can vary from person to person and may also depend on the quantity of salicylates eaten or exposed to over a short period of time. Which symptoms are linked to salicylate intolerance? Whilst respiratory and skin symptoms are the most recognised symptoms of salicylate intolerance, there are others including:
What does the science say causes this condition? As with so many conditions, the exact cause of salicylate intolerance is not well understood, however there are some areas which are being explored:
How is salicylate intolerance medically diagnosed? Diagnosis of salicylate intolerance is tricky, mainly because of the number of overlapping symptoms with other conditions. A medical or nutrition practitioner will undertake:
For many, a salicylate intolerance is linked to other conditions or genetics and is not, itself, the root cause. Sufferers tend to go heavily down the elimination root, which whilst does initially provide relief, is not a sustainable or healthy long-term solution. Working with a practitioner to discover the main trigger of the sensitivity is key. Suggestions for managing a suspected salicylate intolerance.
If on medication, please speak to your GP/consultant before making any changes to your diet. Sign up for my news to receive the published articles straight to your inbox. Read more by clicking below to see my previously published articles:
I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com References:
Blood sugars and continuous blood sugar monitors are all the rage and for good reason. Maintaining a stable blood sugar level isn’t just vital for metabolic health and weight, but also plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin and a normal functioning gut. This article will explore the connections between stable blood sugars and both skin and gut health and will provide practical tips to achieve and maintain this important balance:
The role of stable blood sugars Before we go into the detail of blood sugar and skin and gut health, here’s a quick overview of how important blood sugars are, so that we put it all in context. Simplistically, blood sugar is our main source of energy, and we get it primarily from eating carbohydrates which our digestive system then breaks down to glucose. This then enters our blood stream and provides energy to cells. Stable blood sugars are vital for lots of reasons, but here are the most cited ones:
Blood sugars and skin health
There are several ways that blood sugars can have an impact on skin health including:
Blood sugars and gut health Blood sugars and gut health aren’t usually associated by most people; however, high blood sugar levels can influence:
My top tips for keeping your blood sugars stable.
I run a 5 day ‘A Week to Reduce Your Sugar Cravings’ Challenge – it’s absolutely free and you can sign up here. Sign up for my news to receive the published articles straight to your inbox. Read more by clicking below to see my previously published articles:
I’m Jessica Fonteneau, the Eczema and Digestive Health Nutrition Expert. I’ve worked with hundreds of clients to help them change their diets, better manage their flares, and find relief. My vocation is to help those with eczema and digestive issues, because I have suffered with these interlinked conditions since I was 6 months old, and I truly know what it is like to experience these debilitating conditions. Every client I have ever worked with has their own triggers and ideal nutrition. There is no such thing as ‘one-size-fits-all’. Whether you work with me one-to-one or use my guided tools, my objective is to help you uncover what works best for you, so that you take back control and experience relief. My guided programmes are only suitable for adults as children have very specific nutrition requirements. I do, however, work with many child clients as part of my clinic. I also offer two free communities for adults caring for children with eczema and digestive symptoms, feel free to come and join us and get some well-deserved support.
To easily keep up with my articles, masterclasses, ebooks and online programmes and receive exclusive access to early bird offers, sign-up to my newsletter. Interested in what I do and who I am? Go to my website: www.jessicafonteneaunutrition.com References:
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AuthorI’m Jessica Fonteneau, I’m the eczema specialist and I help people Escape from the Eczema trap. Archives
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